CONTROL
OF IMPORTANT CROP DISEASES |
|
| Disease |
Control
measures |
| RICE | |
| Blast
|
Dry seed
treatment-Dress seeds with Pyroquilon (Fongorene) or Carbendazim (Bavistin)
or Trycyclazole (Beam) 2 g/kg of seed. Wet treatment Fongorene/Carbendazim
2 g/kg of seed. Foliar sprays-Zineb 2 kg/ha or Thiophanate 500 g/ha or Kitazin 500 ml/ha. or Carbendazim 500 g/ha. or Aureofungin sol 60 g/ha or Ediphenphos 500 ml/ha |
| Brown
leaf spot |
Foliar spray Zineb 2kg/ha or Mancozeb 2 kg/ha or Ediphenphos 500 ml/ha or Aureofunginsol 60 g/ha |
| Narrow
brown leaf spot |
Foliar spray; Zineb 2 kg/ha |
| Sheath
blight |
Foliar spray: Zineb 2 kg/ha or Captafol (80%) 1.5 kg/ha or Ediphenphos 500 ml/ha or Thiophanate 500 gm/ha Carbendazim 500 g/ha or Carboxin 500 g/ha or Benomyl 500 g/ha or Validamycin 2 ml/l or Contaf 800-1000 ml/ha. Prophylatic measures - Application of neem coated urea, apply 50% more K. Apply bentazone Benthiocarb or Penoxalin for weed control. |
| Sheath
rot |
Foliar spray. - Captafol 1.5 kg/ha or Ediphenphos 500 ml/ha or Caroendazim 500 g/ha or Carboxin 500 gm/ha. Prophylatic measures: Apply neem coated urea. Apply 50% more K. Apply Bentazone, Benthiocarb, or Penoxalin for weed control. |
| Stack burn |
Seed treatment |
| Bacterial
blight |
Spray fresh cowdung extract for the control of Bacterial Blight. 20g cowdung dissolved in one litre of water. Allowed to settle and sieved. Use supernatent liquid. Application of bleaching powder at the rate of 5 kg/ha in the irrigation water for checking the spread of Bacterial Blight particularly at the kresek stage. |
| Grassy
stunt |
Destroy infecled plants. Spray insecticides to control the vectors. |
| Ragged stunt |
Spray insecticides to control vectors. |
| COCONUT | |
| Bud rot |
Cut and remove all the affected tissues of the crown and apply Bordeaux paste and protect it from rain. Burn all disease affected tissues removed from the palm. Spray 1 % Bordeaux Mixture on crown and spindle leaves. |
| Leaf rot |
Spray crown and leaves with 1 % Bordeaux mixture or 0.5% Copper oxychloride formulations or 0.4% Mancozeb in .January, April, May and September. Care has to be taken to spray the spindle leaf. |
| Root (wilt)
disease |
Efficient management of palms suspected to be affected by coconut root (wilt) disease. Control all pests and diseases and imparting natural resistance and health to the palms through proper manuring and agronomic practices. Distroy severly infected palms. |
| Stem bleeding |
Remove
completely affected tissues by chiselling. Dress the wounds with hot coaltar
or Bordeaux paste. Improve general conditions of palm. Apply calixin @ 25
ml in 25 l of water per plant as soil drench once in four months. Spray 1% Bordeaux mixture or copper oxychloride preparations (0.3%) on the crown of palms before the monsoon and once or twice later on at intervals of 40 days. |
| Grey blight |
Remove older disease affected leaves and spray leaves with 1% Bordeaux mixture. |
| Thanjavore
wilt |
Apply organic manures @ 50 kg/palm, neem cake @ 5 kg/palm/year. Drench the basins with 40 l or1% Bordeaux mixture to soak the soil upto 15 cm depth at quarterly intervals.Avoid flood irrigation. Isolate affected palm. Root feeding with 1.3 g of Aureofungain sol+ 0.5 g CuSO4 in 100ml of water. Treatment with 500 g Trichoderma harziannum (TNAU recommendation). |
| BANANA | |
| Bunchy
top |
Eradicate diseased plants. Use insecticidal treatments for insect vector control like application of Phorate or Carbofuran. |
| Banana
wilt (Panama disease) |
Dip suckers
of susceptible varieties in 0.1% Carbendazim. Drench soil with 0.1% Carbendazim.
Remove and destroy affected plants. Use resistant varieties like Palayamkodan,
Robusta and Nendran. inject the corm with 2% Carbendazim solution. Injection
is made in a slanting hole at 450 to a depth of 10 cm at the
collar region and 5 ml is injected immediately. Dip sucker in a suspension of Pseudomonas fIavorence @ 1 kg carrier inoculum in 100 I of water and plant. Prepare a mixture of P fluorescence 1 kg + FYM 90 kg + Neem cake 10 kg, mix well and keep it in shade for two weeks. Apply @ 1 kg per seedling after mixing well. (TNAU recommendation) |
| Sigatoka
leaf spot |
Cut and burn all severly affected leaves. Spray 1 % Bordeaux mixture or Captofol 0.3% at fortnightly intervals. Mineral oil 1 % emulsion is also effective. |
| Kokkan |
Uproot and destroy young affected plants. Suckers should not be taken form affected plants which showed the necrotic streaks or abnomal colour of the bunch. |
| TAPIOCA | |
| Cassava
mosaic |
Use disease free cuttings for planting. Use tolerant cultivars H 97. Control vector. |
| RUBBER | |
| Abnormal
leaf fall |
Spraying foliage with 1 % Bordeaux mixture or oil based copper oxychloride prior to the onset of SW monsoon |
| Powdery
mildew |
Sulphur dusting 3-4 rounds at weekly to fortnightly intervals. |
| Pink disease |
Apply Bordeaux paste upto 30 cm above and below affected region. Tridemorph (2%) incorporated in 1% ammoniated latex is also effective. |
| CASHEW | |
| Anthracnose
Dieback |
Remove infected parts. Spray 1% Bordeaux mixture. Remove affected twigs and apply Bordeaux paste. Prophylatic spraying with 1% Bordeaux mixture. |
| ARECANUT | |
| Bud rot |
Remove and destroy affected spindle and leaves. Scoop out affected tissue and apply Bordeaux paste and spray crown with 1% Bordeaux mixture. |
| Mahali
or Koleroga |
Spray 1 % Bordeaux mixture on all bunches twice a year. Remove and burn all fallen and infected nuts. |
| Foot rot
(Anaberoga) |
Isolate affected palms by digging trenches and drench with 0.3% Captan. Remove and destroy severely affected palms. Drench soil with 1 % Bordeaux mixture before planting healthy seedlings. |
| Yellow
leaf |
Keep affected palms in a healthy condition by adopting recommended manurial, cultural and plant protection practices Improve drainage conditions in the garden. |
| PEPPER | |
| Phytophthora
foot rot |
Phytosanitation-infected wines to be removed and burnt. Provide drainage, raise legume cover crops in the field. Chemical control drenching vines with 1 % Bordeaux mixture or 0.2% Copper oxychloride @ 5-10 l/vine. Foliar spray with 1 % Bordeaux mixture. Apply Bordeaux paste at the base 01 the stem upto a height of 30-40 em. Total replanting in gardens with 50-60% mortality. Apply 1 kg lime and 2 kg neem cake per standard per year as pre-monsoon dose. The application of neem cake should be done four weeks after lime application. Application of Trichoderma and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (Glomus sp) has also been found effective in managing the disease (KAU - new recommendation). |
| Fungal
pollu |
Spray 1 % Bordeaux mixture or Captafol 0.1 % at flowering (June-July) and at berry formation (last August). Minimise shade in the garden. |
| GINGER | |
| Rhizome
rot |
Solarize the soil prior to rhizome planting. Remove and destroy infected plants. Provide proper drainage. Treat seed rhizome with 0.3% Mancozeb before and after storing. Soil drenching with 1% Bordeaux mixture or 0.3% Copper Oxychloride or 0.3% Mancozeb. |
| Leaf spot |
Spray 1% Bordeaux mixture or 0.1 % Ziram. |
| Bacterial
Wilt |
Collect seed rhizomes from disease free area. Drench the soil with 1% Bordeaux mixture. |
| COCOA | |
| Vascular
streak die back |
Cut and remove the infected twigs about 30 cm below the last visible vascular streaking Grew tolerant cocoa types. |
| Black
pod |
Remove and destroy affected pods. Provide good drainage and aeration Seray 1% Bordeaux mixture |
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Source:
Package of Practices-Crops, 1996., KAU |
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